Video Skype has provided the medium to have face-to-face therapy and supervision long distance.  Therapists may now choose to continue sessions with current patients who move or travel, to accept referrals from patients and supervisees in different areas of the country and overseas, and to become part of training programs in other countries

The results generally indicate a great need for e-mail counseling in Croatia. lt appears to be a helpful counseling method for clients with different types of problems and different coping strategies. Young people are especially ply for that type of counseling. Moreover, for some clients, e-counseling is an encouragement for starting face-to-face counseling.

Younger patients (15-32 years), patients reporting chronic pain, and patients with partial memory of the traumatic event,  had poorer psychological outcomes. Patients in the older age groups were generally more resilient. This exploratory study found that age, diffuse pain and partial memory are potential predictors of PTSD, depression and anxiety.

Abnormal profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids were observed in patients with closed head injuries. Learning and attention deficits and other neurodegenerative damage following TBI are ameliorated by supplementation with the Omega 3 fatty acid DHA from fish oils.

Enforced unemployment and inactivity for asylum seekers in direct provision accommodation has resulted in increased levels of mental ill health. This project enabled a pro-active, preventative as well as a therapeutic opportunity for residents, focusing on mental heath and social inclusion.

Anger and its various manifestations have received remarkably little attention by Psychiatry until recently. The inclusion of symptoms of irritability in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD may be one factor that has obscured the importance of anger as a “primary” response to human rights violations.

Acute stress disorder (ASD) describes initial stress reactions that are predictive of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder  (PTSD).  Recent biological models of posttraumatic stress have pointed to the importance of acute reactions in the genesis and maintenance of PTSD.  This presentation will review prevailing biological models of trauma response, with specific focus on fear conditioning models.