Research findings from several studies suggest that even pre-school children construct theological concepts in the context of their everyday understanding of the physical world. The current paper reports empirical evidence obtained from pre-school children in UK and Japan, on the one hand, and from primary school children enrolled in different faith schools in UK (Catholic, Church of England, Evangelical, Hindu, Jewish, and Muslim), on the other. In total, 151 Japanese and 169 UK pre-school children participated in two comparative studies, and 403 school children from 13 faith schools in UK took part in a separate project.
In all the studies a categorisation task was used, consisting of colour photographs of natural and artefact items. Participants were asked (a) to identify natural and artefact items according to their causal origins; (b) answer a forced-choice cosmological question; and (c) respond to a set of questions designed to test anthropomorphism.
Overall data reveal several consistent patterns across age, sex, and cultural groups. First, children’s conceptions of origin of natural objects are more sophisticated than the traditional Piagetian account claims. Secondly, children from all the different religious cultures, including Japanese, rely on their everyday knowledge of the natural world when constructing hypotheses about its origin. Finally, any anthropomorphism in children’s representations of God requires that its meaning should be interpreted in the context of the child’s overall metaphysical theory.
Conflict of Interest: None disclosed
Financial Support/Funding: None disclosed
Recorded: Sydney, Australia, July 2007