The developmental context of refugee children – culture, war and Erikson’s stages

Ms Deborah Gould

Work with refugee children shows us that the disruption of family and safety is as powerful a force impacting on child development as is direct violent trauma. In particular, the role of parents (and other attachment figures) as mediators of trauma and powerful emotions, is usually altered - this role is put under increasing strain as there are increasing external demands that prioritise safety and survival. 

Parents might become less able to provide cues about how to react, how to contain anxiety and how to survive emotionally. As a result of a distorted context (familial, cultural, environmental and so on), opportunities to meet developmental expectations become limited.

Recorded at the NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS)
2008, New South Wales, Australia.
Visit STARTTS at : www.STARTTS.org.au

Deborah Gould
Deborah Gould
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The developmental context of refugee children – culture, war and Erikson’s stagesDeborah Gould 33'25
The developmental context of refugee children – culture, war and Erikson’s stagesDeborah Gould 


Ms Deborah Gould

Deborah Gould is a Clinical Psychologist, trained in South Africa in the 1980s. She worked in various contexts between qualifying in 1988 and migrating to Australia in 1997. This included 4 years of lecturing and supervision at the University of Cape Town, 10 years in a psychotherapy practice and 4 years providing assessment, psychotherapy and clinical supervision in a large Community Mental Health Service in Soweto.

Since moving to Australia in 1998, she has worked at the Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), as a Clinical Psychologist and clinical supervisor. The model used is short term and focussed on the reduction of the impacts of the trauma of war, torture, loss and resettlement and acculturation on people’s wellbeing. In her role as a Clinical Supervisor over the past 9 years, she has been involved in reflection on and treatment of a great number and variety of refugee clients. It is from here that she draws most of her inspiration and knowledge for this presentation.

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